https://baltejgiri.github.io/A minimal, responsive and feature-rich Jekyll theme for technical writing. 2026-05-08T19:55:39-07:00 Baltej Giri https://baltejgiri.github.io/ Jekyll © 2026 Baltej Giri /assets/img/favicons/favicon.ico /assets/img/favicons/favicon-96x96.png 2026-05-01T00:00:00-07:00 2026-05-01T00:00:00-07:00 https://baltejgiri.github.io/posts/what-helped-passing-ccna/ Baltej Giri

Certification Milestone Finally, I have passed my Cisco Certified Network Associate certification. It is my first networking certificate, and to be honest, it was hard to learn everything this exam covers. I can provide reasons why it felt like climbing Mount Everest! Career-wise, I am working at a large healthcare provider in British Columbia, Canada - a beautiful place to be. I am responsib...

2026-04-18T00:00:00-07:00 2026-04-18T00:00:00-07:00 https://baltejgiri.github.io/posts/Addresses-in-ipv4-and-ipv6/ Baltej Giri

Overview IPv4 uses three types of addresses unicast, multicast and broadcast similarly IPv6 also three types of addresses, including unicast and multicast however there is no broadcast addresses instead it uses anycast addresses, which are not available in IPv4. Functions that are performed by by broadcast addresses in IPv4 are performed by multicast and anycast address in IPv6. Unicast addre...

2026-04-18T00:00:00-07:00 2026-04-18T00:00:00-07:00 https://baltejgiri.github.io/posts/DHCP-Snooping-Trusted-versus-untrusted/ Baltej Giri

Overview Networking protocols provide services to achieve a specific goal as per their design. However, an attacker can take benefit of these protocols to destruct the main functionality. Today’s topic is DHCP, we know DHCP provides network addresses to the client’s and servers upon a dynamic request. DHCP Server uses DORA process in the sequence of DISCOVER, OFFER, RESPONSE AND ACKNOWLEDGE me...

2026-04-17T00:00:00-07:00 2026-04-17T00:00:00-07:00 https://baltejgiri.github.io/posts/dhcp-in-operation/ Baltej Giri

Overview This post explains the role of DHCP, why we need it and how does it work in network. What is DHCP? Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses, subnet mask, default gateway and dns addresses to clients. Why we need DHCP? DHCP eliminates the need of manually assigning IP addresses on the network devices. Imagine ...

2026-04-15T00:00:00-07:00 2026-04-15T00:00:00-07:00 https://baltejgiri.github.io/posts/configuring-spanning-tree-protocol-stp-from-inefficient-to-optimal/ Baltej Giri

Root Bridge Placement The root bridge election is based on the two ideas; One switch that is chosen as common reference point, and all other switches choose ports that have the best-cost path to root. The root bridge become a central hub that interconnects other legs of the network. Therefore, the root bridge can handle heavy switching load in its central location. If t...